The Role of Hormonal Imbalance in Reproductive Failure in Dairy Cows: Clinical Investigations and Treatment Strategies

Abstract

Hormonal imbalances play a significant role in reproductive failure in dairy cows, which is a major concern for dairy farmers globally due to the resulting economic losses. This study aimed to investigate the impact of hormonal imbalances on reproductive failure and explore the clinical manifestations, treatment strategies, and interventions that can mitigate these challenges. The research involved field studies across 20 dairy farms, where hormonal assays and clinical observations were conducted. Significant hormonal imbalances were found in cows with reproductive failure, particularly low estradiol and progesterone levels, which were associated with disorders such as anoestrus, silent heat, and embryonic loss. The study also examined various treatment strategies, including hormonal supplementation, nutritional interventions, and advanced reproductive technologies such as timed artificial insemination, ovum pick-up, and in-vitro fertilization. The findings indicate that timely interventions, particularly hormonal treatments and nutritional strategies, can improve reproductive outcomes. This study highlights the need for integrated management approaches that combine clinical, nutritional, and technological strategies to enhance reproductive performance in dairy herds