Epidemiology of Drug-Resistant Fasciola hepatica in Ruminants: Towards Sustainable Control Strategies in Endemic Regions

Abstract

Background: Fasciola hepatica, the liver fluke, poses a significant
threat to the health of ruminants in numerous regions. Objectives: This
investigation was done to determine the prevalence, severity, and
potential drug resistance of this parasite in goats from Karak and Lakki
Marwat, Pakistan. Methods: A cross-sectional investigation was
conducted on 40 goats from both regions. Using sedimentation and
McMaster protocols, F. hepatica egg prevalence and infection intensity
were determined using feces samples. Using blood samples,
hematological indices were analyzed. The effectiveness of
triclabendazole was determined by comparing egg counts before and
after treatment. Results: Overall prevalence of F. hepatica was 67.5
percent, with regional prevalence of 75 percent in Karak and 60
percent in Lakki Marwat. Karak (250) had a larger average egg count
per gram of feces (EPG) than Lakki Marwat (220). In both regions,
hematological tests revealed decreased hemoglobin and packed cell
volume (PCV) percentages, indicating anemia. EPG reduction
following triclabendazole treatment was 80% in Karak and 70.5% in
Lakki Marwat, indicating possible emergent drug resistance.
Conclusion: The high prevalence and potential drug resistance of F.
hepatica in the examined regions highlighted the need for enhanced
control strategies and pharmacological diversification. To validate
these findings and devise comprehensive intervention strategies,
additional research is required.